October
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Podemos announced backing for both housing decrees, and the PNV and Coalición Canaria supported only the first, leaving Friday's validation to Junts. Sánchez pressed Junts to approve the texts, appealing 'out of pure humanity.' After an evening leadership meeting, with Puigdemont imposing the line, Junts said no to both and urged withdrawal before the vote. The government refused, insisting opponents must reveal their position, while caceroladas spread to town halls and Sol campers vowed to remain despite Ayuso's court move to evict them.
On Ceuta, Moncloa published nine calls to rebut Vivas's abandonment claim; he notarized missed calls as Judge Tardón probed phones and sought declassification of CNI messages. The Palace announced the Kings will visit Ceuta and Melilla on 13-14 October without Sánchez.
Aemet issued red alerts for torrential rain in Castellón, Valencia and Tarragona, triggering ES-Alert messages.
On Ceuta, Moncloa published nine calls to rebut Vivas's abandonment claim; he notarized missed calls as Judge Tardón probed phones and sought declassification of CNI messages. The Palace announced the Kings will visit Ceuta and Melilla on 13-14 October without Sánchez.
Aemet issued red alerts for torrential rain in Castellón, Valencia and Tarragona, triggering ES-Alert messages.
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Morning opened with the government refusing to withdraw the two housing decrees and forcing a roll-call vote, offering Junts abstention in exchange for processing them as bills. Junts held its no, denouncing blackmail, while ministers framed the choice as people versus vultures and Sánchez took the floor to plead for courage.
By early afternoon both texts fell with votes from PP, Vox, Junts and UPN, a double defeat editors read as breaking the legislature.
Attention then shifted to Sánchez, who left the chamber before the vote and opened a weekend of reflection on snap elections, with 29 November floated and Socialist officials quoted at 99% likelihood. Outside, Sol campers marched on Congress shouting shame and prepared some fifty weekend mobilizations.
By early afternoon both texts fell with votes from PP, Vox, Junts and UPN, a double defeat editors read as breaking the legislature.
Attention then shifted to Sánchez, who left the chamber before the vote and opened a weekend of reflection on snap elections, with 29 November floated and Socialist officials quoted at 99% likelihood. Outside, Sol campers marched on Congress shouting shame and prepared some fifty weekend mobilizations.
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Overnight speculation held that Sánchez would decide over the weekend whether to call snap elections after Congress rejected both housing decrees, with his circle quoted as leaning toward an early vote framed as a referendum on housing. Feijóo demanded immediate polls and promised one million homes, while Junts urged the PSOE to negotiate its own proposal.
By midday the focus moved to the streets, with tens of thousands marching in Madrid to Cibeles and demonstrations in more than 50 cities calling for a general strike regardless of who governs. Valencia saw clashes at a real-estate congress that left nine officers injured.
Severe weather intruded, with three simultaneous red alerts in Catalonia over exceptional rain and a possible Mediterranean medicane forcing suspension of outdoor activity and postponement of Barcelona's march, while floods in Albacete killed a 102-year-old woman.
By midday the focus moved to the streets, with tens of thousands marching in Madrid to Cibeles and demonstrations in more than 50 cities calling for a general strike regardless of who governs. Valencia saw clashes at a real-estate congress that left nine officers injured.
Severe weather intruded, with three simultaneous red alerts in Catalonia over exceptional rain and a possible Mediterranean medicane forcing suspension of outdoor activity and postponement of Barcelona's march, while floods in Albacete killed a 102-year-old woman.
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Overnight coverage treated Saturday's housing marches as closed, with tens of thousands in Madrid and other cities calling for a general strike and campers in Sol and Plaça Catalunya vowing to stay until then. Outlets quantified the failed decrees and noted majority support for the anti-eviction shield even among PP, Vox and Junts voters, while detailing PP regional laws as the alternative.
Attention shifted to Catalonia, where torrential rain left two dead in Tordera and Montornès and one missing in Pineda de Mar, forced suspension of Rodalies, road closures, ES-Alerts along the Besòs, and school closures for Monday.
Through the day election expectation hardened from 70% likelihood to reports that Sánchez leaned toward advancing the vote, with 29 November floated, barons urging an immediate call, the government working on that scenario, and a snap poll giving PP 143 seats to PSOE 106 and Vox 62.
Attention shifted to Catalonia, where torrential rain left two dead in Tordera and Montornès and one missing in Pineda de Mar, forced suspension of Rodalies, road closures, ES-Alerts along the Besòs, and school closures for Monday.
Through the day election expectation hardened from 70% likelihood to reports that Sánchez leaned toward advancing the vote, with 29 November floated, barons urging an immediate call, the government working on that scenario, and a snap poll giving PP 143 seats to PSOE 106 and Vox 62.
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Overnight papers treated a snap call as taken, citing the defeat of the housing decrees, polls putting PP and Vox above 200 seats, and a 9 a.m. institutional appearance at Moncloa to settle the question.
Sánchez confirmed dissolution and set general elections for 29 November, framing the vote as housing versus vultures and a mobilization to bend the elites after Parliament trampled people's rights. Feijóo welcomed the decision, saying Spaniards would finally decide, while PP veteran Aznar warned a Sánchez victory would end the monarchy as known.
The left scrambled against the clock, with Podemos proposing open primaries on 14-15 October, Sumar rejecting them in favor of negotiations toward Frente Amplio, and Mónica García positioning to lead it. CCOO and UGT called the first general strike in 14 years, and the government announced a revised housing decree for Tuesday, leaving economic measures in limbo.
Sánchez confirmed dissolution and set general elections for 29 November, framing the vote as housing versus vultures and a mobilization to bend the elites after Parliament trampled people's rights. Feijóo welcomed the decision, saying Spaniards would finally decide, while PP veteran Aznar warned a Sánchez victory would end the monarchy as known.
The left scrambled against the clock, with Podemos proposing open primaries on 14-15 October, Sumar rejecting them in favor of negotiations toward Frente Amplio, and Mónica García positioning to lead it. CCOO and UGT called the first general strike in 14 years, and the government announced a revised housing decree for Tuesday, leaving economic measures in limbo.
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Editors moved on from the 29-N call to its mechanics: Sánchez's 72-hour decision after Junts's no, the calendar toward dissolution, and a government move to re-approve the failed housing decrees through the Permanent Deputation. The left negotiated unity between Sumar, Podemos and Frente Amplio while employers challenged the general strike and the PP questioned postal voting.
By midday the Constitutional Court displaced the campaign, ordering the Supreme Court to apply amnesty to procés embezzlement. Judge Llarena lifted Puigdemont's national arrest warrant without yet granting amnesty.
Sánchez re-approved 21 housing measures, accusing Parliament of turning its back, with PNV support expected. From Waterloo Puigdemont claimed victory over repression, defended self-determination and unilateral action, and gave no return date. Sánchez welcomed a return but ruled out a meeting. Red alerts for torrential rain spread along the Catalan coast.
By midday the Constitutional Court displaced the campaign, ordering the Supreme Court to apply amnesty to procés embezzlement. Judge Llarena lifted Puigdemont's national arrest warrant without yet granting amnesty.
Sánchez re-approved 21 housing measures, accusing Parliament of turning its back, with PNV support expected. From Waterloo Puigdemont claimed victory over repression, defended self-determination and unilateral action, and gave no return date. Sánchez welcomed a return but ruled out a meeting. Red alerts for torrential rain spread along the Catalan coast.
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Overnight attention stayed on the amnesty aftermath, with the Constitutional Court sending its ruling to the Supreme Court in under 24 hours and Judge Llarena lifting Puigdemont's national arrest order. Puigdemont claimed vindication, warned he would do it again and conditioned return on archiving, while Junts weighed using a return to shape the 29-N campaign.
Electoral positioning filled the morning: PSOE pushed the useful vote and pensions to mobilize the left, Más Madrid proposed Ada Colau lead Frente Amplio from Barcelona, and Feijóo questioned postal voting. Rodalies halted after rains as drivers refused to circulate over safety, paralyzing Catalonia before service resumed with delays.
Unions fixed the housing general strike for 11 November. By evening Maricarmen, the 87-year-old evicted in Madrid, died two weeks after eviction, turning the Sol camp into a vigil and drawing competing political claims.
Electoral positioning filled the morning: PSOE pushed the useful vote and pensions to mobilize the left, Más Madrid proposed Ada Colau lead Frente Amplio from Barcelona, and Feijóo questioned postal voting. Rodalies halted after rains as drivers refused to circulate over safety, paralyzing Catalonia before service resumed with delays.
Unions fixed the housing general strike for 11 November. By evening Maricarmen, the 87-year-old evicted in Madrid, died two weeks after eviction, turning the Sol camp into a vigil and drawing competing political claims.
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Maricarmen, 87, evicted in Madrid two weeks earlier, moved from vigil to political confrontation. The Sol encampment vowed 'no more Maricarmens' and marched in the evening from Puerta del Sol to her former home, with thousands attending under tenants' union call. The PP blocked minutes of silence in the Madrid Assembly, City Council and Senate, provoking shouting in the Assembly over 'no habrá paz en las calles.' Feijóo accused Sánchez of emotional manipulation while the government embraced her as symbol of a plebiscitary 29-N vote on housing ahead of the 11 November strike.
Judge Biedma testified at the Audiencia Nacional that PSOE 'sewers' sought to harm her and surveilled her daughters' school, as Anti-corruption saw indicia against the PSOE but called party imputation premature.
Ada Colau offered to head a single Frente Amplio ballot if it united the left including Podemos.
Judge Biedma testified at the Audiencia Nacional that PSOE 'sewers' sought to harm her and surveilled her daughters' school, as Anti-corruption saw indicia against the PSOE but called party imputation premature.
Ada Colau offered to head a single Frente Amplio ballot if it united the left including Podemos.
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Overnight tributes put Maricarmen's Sol-to-home march at around 20,000, with editors noting its shift from vigil to 29-N precampaign symbol and the PP's refusal of minutes of silence.
Morning flash polls then reset the race, projecting PP-Vox retaining an absolute majority despite PP losses to a surging Vox, while PSOE absorbed Sumar voters. In response PSOE opened to joint left candidacies, including an unusual Senate alliance with Frente Amplio, with a negotiation meeting set for Sunday. Bargaining centered on Madrid lists and Ada Colau's invitation to Rufián to join.
Parallel fronts intruded: Judge Pedraz declined for now to impute PSOE in the Leire Díez case despite Anti-corruption language, Sánchez floated a pardon for the former attorney general, and Mohamed VI said migration cooperation had reached its limit and rejected pressure.
Morning flash polls then reset the race, projecting PP-Vox retaining an absolute majority despite PP losses to a surging Vox, while PSOE absorbed Sumar voters. In response PSOE opened to joint left candidacies, including an unusual Senate alliance with Frente Amplio, with a negotiation meeting set for Sunday. Bargaining centered on Madrid lists and Ada Colau's invitation to Rufián to join.
Parallel fronts intruded: Judge Pedraz declined for now to impute PSOE in the Leire Díez case despite Anti-corruption language, Sánchez floated a pardon for the former attorney general, and Mohamed VI said migration cooperation had reached its limit and rejected pressure.
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Mohamed VI used Friday's parliamentary opening to accuse Spanish politicians of irresponsibility over Ceuta, calling migration cooperation obsolete and rejecting blackmail, as Madrid press noted Ceuta's funding shortfall after Moncloa shelved a 40-million decree.
Electoral engineering dominated the morning, with PSOE pressing a joint Senate candidacy to limit a PP majority and holding an urgent meeting with Frente Amplio, while calculations that a Podemos pact would double left options contrasted with ERC's stalled decision on Rufián's candidacy.
By midday editors shifted to dueling precampaign launches for 29-N. Feijóo in Madrid cast himself as manager, promised total reconstruction, vowed to answer mafia with democracy and questioned who ordered action against judge Biedma, flanked by Ayuso's attacks on the Sol encampment and postal voting. Sánchez answered from Dos Hermanas making housing and Maricarmen his banner, accusing PP and Vox of pitting owners against tenants to depress turnout.
Electoral engineering dominated the morning, with PSOE pressing a joint Senate candidacy to limit a PP majority and holding an urgent meeting with Frente Amplio, while calculations that a Podemos pact would double left options contrasted with ERC's stalled decision on Rufián's candidacy.
By midday editors shifted to dueling precampaign launches for 29-N. Feijóo in Madrid cast himself as manager, promised total reconstruction, vowed to answer mafia with democracy and questioned who ordered action against judge Biedma, flanked by Ayuso's attacks on the Sol encampment and postal voting. Sánchez answered from Dos Hermanas making housing and Maricarmen his banner, accusing PP and Vox of pitting owners against tenants to depress turnout.
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Press framed housing anger as the 29-N ballot-box question, with Sol as symbol and competing electoral engineering: Sánchez's aid plan for youth and women against PP's push for diaspora votes under a ley de nietos and Vox's fraud claim. Bolaños backed the encampments as a just cause.
Attention moved to Ceuta, where authorities cleared El Guano beach, described as the last large migrant settlement, citing 12,000 returns since August 48 hours before a royal visit.
By midday ERC confirmed Gabriel Rufián to head its Congress list, read alternately as closing the door to Frente Amplio and opening new pacts in Catalonia. Sánchez then centered coverage, urging pensioners, women, LGBTI people and youth to fill the ballot boxes and asking the Supreme Court to stop the PP-Vox block on the ley de nietos, while right-leaning papers stressed poll slides and his bid for the useful vote.
Attention moved to Ceuta, where authorities cleared El Guano beach, described as the last large migrant settlement, citing 12,000 returns since August 48 hours before a royal visit.
By midday ERC confirmed Gabriel Rufián to head its Congress list, read alternately as closing the door to Frente Amplio and opening new pacts in Catalonia. Sánchez then centered coverage, urging pensioners, women, LGBTI people and youth to fill the ballot boxes and asking the Supreme Court to stop the PP-Vox block on the ley de nietos, while right-leaning papers stressed poll slides and his bid for the useful vote.
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Overnight polls kept PSOE and Sumar at lows with Vox at a record at PP's expense, framing the 29-N precampaign.
Morning coverage moved to the Fiesta Nacional parade in Madrid, presided by the Kings and presented as election-marked and shadowed by Ceuta and the coming royal visit. Editors centered on insults and booing greeting Sánchez's arrival, Abascal's absence from the royal reception and his trip to Ceuta, and Princess Leonor's recovery of the Toisón.
Parallel left negotiations advanced, with ERC and Podemos confirming a Catalonia pact around a Rufián-Montero tandem while the Frente Amplio held to Colau in Madrid.
By afternoon the Supreme Court rejected the government's appeal and kept 163,000 naturalized under the grandchildren's law off the 29-N census, citing census purity, with Moncloa weighing a Constitutional Court challenge.
Morning coverage moved to the Fiesta Nacional parade in Madrid, presided by the Kings and presented as election-marked and shadowed by Ceuta and the coming royal visit. Editors centered on insults and booing greeting Sánchez's arrival, Abascal's absence from the royal reception and his trip to Ceuta, and Princess Leonor's recovery of the Toisón.
Parallel left negotiations advanced, with ERC and Podemos confirming a Catalonia pact around a Rufián-Montero tandem while the Frente Amplio held to Colau in Madrid.
By afternoon the Supreme Court rejected the government's appeal and kept 163,000 naturalized under the grandchildren's law off the 29-N census, citing census purity, with Moncloa weighing a Constitutional Court challenge.
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Overnight editors stayed with the Supreme Court's refusal to lift the block on 163,020 ley de nietos voters for 29-N, described as materially impossible to apply and now pushed toward a Constitutional Court appeal, with the government insisting voting rights are guaranteed not restricted.
Coverage then shifted to Ceuta for the Kings' first visit of the reign, 19 years after the last. Felipe VI and Letizia were met by crowds waving flags and chanting 'yo soy español,' with boos for minister Torres, while regional president Vivas warned the city remained a pressure cooker that could explode.
By evening attention fixed on Felipe VI's institutional address declaring sovereignty and territorial integrity indisputable, calling Ceuta an irrenunciable part of Spain, demanding good faith from Morocco and return of irregular entrants.
In parallel, Irene Montero confirmed talks with Frente Amplio as Colau was named its candidate.
Coverage then shifted to Ceuta for the Kings' first visit of the reign, 19 years after the last. Felipe VI and Letizia were met by crowds waving flags and chanting 'yo soy español,' with boos for minister Torres, while regional president Vivas warned the city remained a pressure cooker that could explode.
By evening attention fixed on Felipe VI's institutional address declaring sovereignty and territorial integrity indisputable, calling Ceuta an irrenunciable part of Spain, demanding good faith from Morocco and return of irregular entrants.
In parallel, Irene Montero confirmed talks with Frente Amplio as Colau was named its candidate.
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Coverage opened on the fallout from Ceuta: the King informed after the Moroccan incursion and in contact with military chiefs, while the judge still awaited air, land and sea images and demands grew for CNI data.
The Kings then moved to Melilla, welcomed by flag-waving crowds and handed the city key, where Felipe VI declared Melilla is Spain and warned convictions should not be mistaken for weakness.
Attention shifted to the 29-N census fight over 163,000 ley de nietos nationals abroad barred by the Supreme Court, with Feijóo backing census cleansing as the government denounced Trumpism.
On the left, Colau offered to withdraw and drop the Frente Amplio brand to attract Podemos, which held to a Montero-Rufián tandem, as Sánchez placed Defence Minister Robles second on the Madrid list and inflation hit 4.9% with the fuel rebate kept.
The Kings then moved to Melilla, welcomed by flag-waving crowds and handed the city key, where Felipe VI declared Melilla is Spain and warned convictions should not be mistaken for weakness.
Attention shifted to the 29-N census fight over 163,000 ley de nietos nationals abroad barred by the Supreme Court, with Feijóo backing census cleansing as the government denounced Trumpism.
On the left, Colau offered to withdraw and drop the Frente Amplio brand to attract Podemos, which held to a Montero-Rufián tandem, as Sánchez placed Defence Minister Robles second on the Madrid list and inflation hit 4.9% with the fuel rebate kept.
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